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1.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 26: e20210114, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1350749

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo avaliar a descentralização do Programa de Controle da Hanseníase (PCH) em Governador Valadares. Método o referencial teórico-metodológico foi a Avaliação de Quarta Geração, de abordagem qualitativo-participativa. O estudo envolveu 30 sujeitos divididos em quatro grupos: gestores do PCH; profissionais do Centro de Referência (CR); profissionais da atenção básica e usuários. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas, utilizando-se a técnica do Círculo Hermenêutico-Dialético. Posteriormente, realizaram-se três oficinas de validação e negociação dos dados. Utilizou-se o Método Comparativo Constante para a análise. Resultados evidenciou-se a manutenção do modelo vertical de atenção à hanseníase, sustentado por determinantes sócio-histórico-culturais que se expressam: na permanência da porta de entrada à demanda espontânea no CR; no encaminhamento rotineiro do usuário para a atenção secundária; na ineficiência da contrarreferência; na centralização da poliquimioterapia; na crença na necessidade do atendimento especializado e no estigma. Evidenciaram-se fragilidades no vínculo com a atenção primária. Conclusão a descentralização do PCH envolve a tensão entre os atores de cada ponto de atenção à saúde, gerando disputas de saberes e práticas de saúde. Implicações para a prática a sustentabilidade da descentralização requer envolvimento político e institucional focado no fortalecimento da atenção primária, na reorientação do papel dos serviços na rede de atenção à hanseníase e na educação em saúde.


Resumen Objetivo evaluar la descentralización del Programa de Control de la Lepra (PCL) en Governador Valadares. Método el marco teórico-metodológico fue la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación, con un enfoque cualitativo-participativo. El estudio involucró a 30 sujetos, divididos en cuatro grupos: gerentes del PCL; profesionales del Centro de Referencia (CR); profesionales de atención primaria y usuarios. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas, utilizando la técnica del Círculo Hermenéutico-Dialéctico. Posteriormente se realizaron tres talleres de validación y negociación de los datos. Para el análisis se utilizó el Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados se evidenció el mantenimiento del modelo vertical de atención a la lepra, sustentado en determinantes socio-histórico-culturales que se expresan en la permanencia del ingreso a la demanda espontánea en el CR; en la derivación rutinaria del usuario a atención secundaria; en la ineficiencia de la contrarreferencia; en la centralización de la poliquimioterapia; en la creencia en la necesidad de atención especializada y en el estigma. Se evidenciaron debilidades en el vínculo con la atención primaria. Conclusión la descentralización del PCH involucra la tensión entre los actores en cada punto de la atención en salud, generando disputas sobre conocimientos y prácticas de salud. Implicaciones para la práctica la sostenibilidad de la descentralización requiere de una participación política e institucional, enfocada en el fortalecimiento de la atención primaria, reorientando el rol de los servicios en la red de atención a la lepra y en la educación para la salud.


Abstract Objective to evaluate the decentralization of the Leprosy Control Program (LCP) in Governador Valadares. Method the theoretical and methodological framework was the Fourth Generation Evaluation, with a qualitative-participatory approach. The study involved 30 subjects divided into four groups: managers of the LCP; professionals of the Reference Center (RC); primary care professionals and users. Data were collected through interviews, using the Hermeneutic-Dialectic Circle technique. Subsequently, three workshops were held for data validation and negotiation. The Constant Comparative Method was used for the analysis. Results the maintenance of the vertical model of leprosy care was evidenced, sustained by social-historical-cultural determinants that are expressed in: the permanence of the gateway to spontaneous demand in the RC; the routine referral of the user to secondary care; the inefficiency of counter-reference; the centralization of multidrug therapy; the belief in the need for specialized care, and stigma. Weaknesses in the link with primary care were evidenced. Conclusion and implications for practice The sustainability of decentralization requires political and institutional involvement focused on strengthening primary care, reorienting the role of the services in the leprosy care network, and health education. The decentralization of the LCP involves tension between the actors of each health care point, generating disputes of knowledge and health practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Health Evaluation , Leprosy/prevention & control , National Health Programs , Referral and Consultation , Secondary Care , Brazil , Health Personnel , Qualitative Research , Social Stigma
2.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 24: e210039, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34231829

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with leprosy in contacts of patients. METHOD: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2019. Four reviewers carried out the selection, analysis, and evaluation of quality of studies. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) when heterogeneity was greater than 50%. RESULTS: The search resulted in 2,148 references and included 24 reports. Most of the studies had been conducted in Brazil and India, had a cohort design and included household, neighbors, and social contacts. The risk factors associated with illness due to leprosy in contacts were: illiteracy (RR = 1,48; 95%CI 1,22 - 1,79), living in the same house (RR = 2,41; 95%CI 1,87 - 3,10) of a case of leprosy with high bacillary load (RR = 2.40; 95%CI 1.69 - 3.41), seropositivity to the Mycobacterium leprae PGL-1 (phenolic glycolipid-1) antigen (RR = 3.54; 95%CI 2.21 - 5.67), presence of the bacillus in the bloodstream (RR = 10.61; 95%CI 4.74 - 23.77) and negative Mitsuda reaction (RR = 2,68; 95%CI 1,76 - 4,07). Immunization with BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine had a protective effect against leprosy. CONCLUSION: Leprosy in contacts of patients involves social determination, individual susceptibility, and difficulties in access to disease control actions, but modifiable risk factors are the main determinants of illness in this population.


OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores de risco associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos de casos da doença. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e metanálise com busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus e Web of Science até setembro de 2019. A seleção, a análise e a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos foram realizadas por quatro revisores. Utilizou-se modelo de efeitos aleatórios para calcular o risco relativo agrupado (RR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) quando na presença de heterogeneidade superior a 50%. RESULTADOS: A busca resultou em 2.148 referências e foram incluídos 24 estudos. Estes, em sua maioria, foram realizados no Brasil e na Índia, com delineamento coorte, e incluíram contatos domiciliares, peridomiciliares e sociais. Mostraram-se associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos: o analfabetismo (RR = 1,48; IC95% 1,22 - 1,79), a convivência intradomiciliar (RR = 2,41; IC95% 1,87 - 3,10) com caso de hanseníase apresentando alta carga bacilar (RR = 2,40; IC95% 1,69 - 3,41), a soropositividade ao antígeno PGL-1(glicolipídeo fenólico-1) do Mycobacterium leprae (RR = 3,54; IC95% 2,21 - 5,67), presença do bacilo na corrente sanguínea (RR = 10,61; IC95% 4,74 - 23,77) e reação de Mitsuda negativa (RR = 2,68; IC95% 1,76 - 4,07). A imunização com bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG) teve efeito protetor contra o adoecimento (RR = 0,52; IC95% 0,34 - 0,78). CONCLUSÃO: O adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos perpassa pela determinação social, pela susceptibilidade individual e por fragilidades no acesso às ações de controle da doença; contudo, fatores de risco modificáveis são os principais determinantes do adoecimento nessa população.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial , Leprosy , Brazil/epidemiology , Glycolipids , Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae
3.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 24: e210039, 2021. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280024

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores de risco associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos de casos da doença. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e metanálise com busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus e Web of Science até setembro de 2019. A seleção, a análise e a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos foram realizadas por quatro revisores. Utilizou-se modelo de efeitos aleatórios para calcular o risco relativo agrupado (RR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) quando na presença de heterogeneidade superior a 50%. Resultados: A busca resultou em 2.148 referências e foram incluídos 24 estudos. Estes, em sua maioria, foram realizados no Brasil e na Índia, com delineamento coorte, e incluíram contatos domiciliares, peridomiciliares e sociais. Mostraram-se associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos: o analfabetismo (RR = 1,48; IC95% 1,22 - 1,79), a convivência intradomiciliar (RR = 2,41; IC95% 1,87 - 3,10) com caso de hanseníase apresentando alta carga bacilar (RR = 2,40; IC95% 1,69 - 3,41), a soropositividade ao antígeno PGL-1(glicolipídeo fenólico-1) do Mycobacterium leprae (RR = 3,54; IC95% 2,21 - 5,67), presença do bacilo na corrente sanguínea (RR = 10,61; IC95% 4,74 - 23,77) e reação de Mitsuda negativa (RR = 2,68; IC95% 1,76 - 4,07). A imunização com bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG) teve efeito protetor contra o adoecimento (RR = 0,52; IC95% 0,34 - 0,78). Conclusão: O adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos perpassa pela determinação social, pela susceptibilidade individual e por fragilidades no acesso às ações de controle da doença; contudo, fatores de risco modificáveis são os principais determinantes do adoecimento nessa população.


ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with leprosy in contacts of patients. Method: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2019. Four reviewers carried out the selection, analysis, and evaluation of quality of studies. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) when heterogeneity was greater than 50%. Results: The search resulted in 2,148 references and included 24 reports. Most of the studies had been conducted in Brazil and India, had a cohort design and included household, neighbors, and social contacts. The risk factors associated with illness due to leprosy in contacts were: illiteracy (RR = 1,48; 95%CI 1,22 - 1,79), living in the same house (RR = 2,41; 95%CI 1,87 - 3,10) of a case of leprosy with high bacillary load (RR = 2.40; 95%CI 1.69 - 3.41), seropositivity to the Mycobacterium leprae PGL-1 (phenolic glycolipid-1) antigen (RR = 3.54; 95%CI 2.21 - 5.67), presence of the bacillus in the bloodstream (RR = 10.61; 95%CI 4.74 - 23.77) and negative Mitsuda reaction (RR = 2,68; 95%CI 1,76 - 4,07). Immunization with BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine had a protective effect against leprosy. Conclusion: Leprosy in contacts of patients involves social determination, individual susceptibility, and difficulties in access to disease control actions, but modifiable risk factors are the main determinants of illness in this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology , Antigens, Bacterial , Brazil/epidemiology , Glycolipids , Mycobacterium leprae
4.
Saúde debate ; 44(spe2): 364-376, Jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280669

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A saúde ambiental se constitui o campo da saúde pública responsável pelas políticas públicas relacionadas com a interação entre a saúde humana e os fatores do meio ambiente. A gestão de risco de desastres envolve um processo de antecipação, planejamento e preparação para resposta, com atuação de diferentes áreas de governo, como o setor saúde. Este relato de experiência teve o objetivo de descrever as ações desenvolvidas pela vigilância em saúde ambiental da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais em resposta ao rompimento da barragem B1 em Brumadinho. Entre as ações desenvolvidas, destacam-se o monitoramento da qualidade da água para consumo humano nos municípios atingidos, a participação em reuniões em espaços de decisão e deliberação e a produção de documentos técnicos. As experiências vivenciadas pela equipe, durante as ações de resposta ao desastre, motivaram reflexões sobre a necessidade de fortalecer o desenvolvimento das ações de forma intra e intersetorial e a importância de qualificação dos dados registrados nos sistemas de informação e de conhecimento das informações locais de cada território, a fim de subsidiar a atuação do setor saúde de modo oportuno em situações de desastre.


ABSTRACT Environmental health is the field of public health responsible for public policies related to the interaction between human health and environmental factors. Disaster risk management involves a process of anticipating, planning, and preparing for a response, with actions from different areas of the government, such as the health sector. This experience report had the objective of describing the actions developed by the environmental health surveillance of the Minas Gerais State Department of Health in response to the rupture of the B1 dam in Brumadinho. Among the actions developed, the monitoring of the quality of water for human consumption in the affected municipalities, the participation in meetings in spaces for decision and deliberation, and the production of technical documents are highlighted. The experiences lived by the team, during the disaster response actions, motivated reflections on the need to strengthen the development of the actions in an intra and intersectoral way, as well as the importance of qualifying the data recorded in the information systems, and knowledge of the local information of each territory, in order to subsidize the performance of the health sector in a timely manner in disaster situations.

5.
HU rev ; 44(3): 325-331, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048091

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Diversos fatores podem interferir no desenvolvimento da hanseníase, entre eles fatores genéticos, convívio com o caso de hanseníase e classificação operacional do caso. Testes sorológicos que avaliam a reatividade de anticorpos IgM e IgG frente a antígenos específicos para o Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) podem atuar como auxiliares na vigilância dos contatos e/ou população de risco. Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento dos testes sorológicos anti-PGL-1 sintético (NDO-HSA), anti-LID-1 e anti-NDO-LID em área não endêmica de hanseníase e sua relação com características do caso de hanseníase. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo analítico, realizado com 35 contatos domiciliares (CD) dos casos de hanseníase. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto/2016 a fevereiro/2017 por meio de visitas domiciliares. A reatividade de anticorpos IgM e IgG frente aos antígenos Natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via octyl (NDO-HSA), Leprosy IDRI diagnostic 1 (LID-1) e Natural disaccharideoctyl - Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic 1(NDO-LID) foi avaliada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os dados foram exportados e analisados no software StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) 24 for Windows. Resultados: Foi observada maior proporção de positividade aos testes em CD de casos multibacilares (MB), que residiam com o caso de hanseníase na época do diagnóstico e que tinham parentesco consanguíneo com o caso. Esses casos de hanseníase MB também apresentaram soropositividade frente aos antígenos testados. O valor do índice ELISA foi maior no grupo de CD de casos MB. Houve concordância moderada e significativa (K= 0,53; p< 0,0001) entre os testes anti-NDO-HSA e anti-NDO-LID, mas não foi detectada diferença entre os testes anti-NDO-HSA e anti-LID-1 (K= -0,05; p= 0,678). A correlação foi positiva entre os três antígenos, porém, entre LID-1 e NDO-HSA, não houve significância estatística (p<0,186). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que testes sorológicos em conjunto com as características avaliadas nos contatos domiciliares em área não endêmica de hanseníase,podem atuar como auxiliares na detecção de indivíduos infectados pelo M. leprae, contribuindo para vigilância dos contatos domiciliares


Introduction: Several factors may interfere in the development of leprosy, including genetic factors, conviviality with leprosy patients and operational classification of the case. Serological tests performed to evaluate the reactivity of IgM and IgG antibodies response against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) specific antigens may be used as auxiliary tools for transmission surveillance and/or population at risk. Objective: To analyze the performance of anti-PGL-1 (NDO-HSA), anti-LID-1 and anti-NDO-LID serological tests in non-endemic area of leprosy and the relationship with characteristics of the leprosy case. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study of 35 household contacts (HC) of leprosy cases. Data collection was carried out from August 2016 to February 2017 with home visits. The reactivity of IgM and IgG antibodies to Natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via octyl (NDO-HSA), Leprosy IDRI diagnostic 1 (LID-1) and Natural disaccharide octyl - Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic 1 (NDO-LID) was evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were exported and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) 24 for Windows. Results: A higher proportion of positivity was observed in the HC tests of multibacillary (MB) leprosy cases who lived in the same dwelling with a leprosy case at the time of diagnosis and had a degree of kinship with the case. These multibacillary leprosy cases also showed seropositivity to the antigens tests. ELISA test index value was higher in the HC group of MB leprosy cases. There was moderate agreement (K = 0.53, p <0.0001) between anti-NDO-HSA and anti-NDO-LID tests, but no difference was found between anti-NDO-HSA and anti-LID -1 (K = -0.05, p = 0.678). Three antigens were positively correlated, but there was no statistical significance (p <0.186) between LID-1 and NDO-HSA. Conclusion: The results suggest that serological tests in combination with the characteristics assessed during household contacts in a non-endemic area may represent efficient auxiliary tools for the detection of M. leprae-infected individuals, providing a contribution to the surveillance of household contacts


Subject(s)
Serologic Tests , Leprosy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Leprosy, Multibacillary , Leprosy/prevention & control
6.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(9): 609-616, 2017 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28902286

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of straightforward tests for field application and known biomarkers for predicting leprosy progression in infected individuals. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyse the response to infection by Mycobacterium leprae based on the reactivity of specific antigens: natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via an octyl (NDOHSA), a semisynthetic phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I); Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) and natural disaccharide octyl - Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (NDOLID). METHODS: The study population consisted of 130 leprosy cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and 277 household contacts. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the reactivity of antibodies against NDOHSA, LID-1 and NDOLID. The samples and controls were tested in duplicate, and the antibody titer was expressed as an ELISA index. Data collection was made by home visits with application of questionnaire and dermatological evaluation of all household contacts to identify signs and symptoms of leprosy. FINDINGS: Significant differences in the median ELISA results were observed among leprosy cases in treatment, leprosy cases that had completed treatment and household contacts. Higher proportions of seropositivity were observed in leprosy cases in treatment. Seropositivity was also higher in multibacillary in relation to paucibacillary, with the difference reaching statistical significance. Lower titers were observed among cases with a longer treatment time or discharge. For household contacts, the differences according to the clinical characteristics of the leprosy index case were less pronounced than expected. Other factors, such as the endemicity of leprosy, exposure outside the residence and genetic characteristics, appeared to have a greater influence on the seropositivity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Serologic tests could be used as auxiliary tools for determining the operational classification, in addition to identifying infected individuals and as a strategy for surveillance of household contacts.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Glycolipids/blood , Leprosy/blood , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Disease Progression , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Family Characteristics , Female , Humans , Leprosy/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(9): 609-616, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894878

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND There is a lack of straightforward tests for field application and known biomarkers for predicting leprosy progression in infected individuals. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyse the response to infection by Mycobacterium leprae based on the reactivity of specific antigens: natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via an octyl (NDOHSA), a semisynthetic phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I); Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) and natural disaccharide octyl - Leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (NDOLID). METHODS The study population consisted of 130 leprosy cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and 277 household contacts. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the reactivity of antibodies against NDOHSA, LID-1 and NDOLID. The samples and controls were tested in duplicate, and the antibody titer was expressed as an ELISA index. Data collection was made by home visits with application of questionnaire and dermatological evaluation of all household contacts to identify signs and symptoms of leprosy. FINDINGS Significant differences in the median ELISA results were observed among leprosy cases in treatment, leprosy cases that had completed treatment and household contacts. Higher proportions of seropositivity were observed in leprosy cases in treatment. Seropositivity was also higher in multibacillary in relation to paucibacillary, with the difference reaching statistical significance. Lower titers were observed among cases with a longer treatment time or discharge. For household contacts, the differences according to the clinical characteristics of the leprosy index case were less pronounced than expected. Other factors, such as the endemicity of leprosy, exposure outside the residence and genetic characteristics, appeared to have a greater influence on the seropositivity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Serologic tests could be used as auxiliary tools for determining the operational classification, in addition to identifying infected individuals and as a strategy for surveillance of household contacts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Disease Progression , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/blood , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Glycolipids/blood , Family Characteristics
8.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2017. 161 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-983360

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento de ferramentas eficazes como testes rápidos para detecção precoce da infecção pelo Mycobacterium leprae, previsão da progressão da hanseníase e identificação da doença nos estágios iniciais tem sido considerado prioridade de pesquisa e pode contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a resposta a testes sorológicos específicos para o Mycobacterium lepra e - Disacarídeo Natural Ligado a Albumina de Soro Humano por meio de um Octyl (NDOHSA), Leprosy Infectious DiseaseResearch Institute Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) e Disacarídeo Natural Octyl - Leprosy InfectiousDisease Research Institute Diagnostic-1 (NDOLID) - em seguimento longitudinal de casos dehanseníase e contatos domiciliares e as suas implicações para a vigilância epidemiológica. A população estudada consistiu em casos de hanseníase diagnosticados entre 2010 e 2015 econtatos domiciliares. Foi utilizado um ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay - ELISA) para analisar a reatividade de anticorpos contra NDOHSA,LID-1 e NDOLID. As amostras e controles foram testados em duplicata e o título de anticorpo foi expresso como índice ELISA. A coleta de dados foi feita por visitas domiciliares em dois momentos (2014 e 2015) com aplicação de questionário, coleta de amostras biológicas e avaliação dermatológica de todos os contatos domiciliares. Os casos em tratamento, apresentaram maiores valores de índice ELISA e proporções de soropositividade para os três antígenos. Observou-se também maior redução dos valores de índice ELISA a medida que aumenta o tempo decorrido desde o início do tratamento...


The development of effective applications such as rapid tests for early detection ofMycobacterium leprae infection, prediction of leprosy progress and identification of thedisease in the early stages has been considered a research priority and may contribute to priordiagnosis and timely treatment. The objective of the study was to analyze a response tospecific serological tests for Mycobacterium leprae - Natural Disodium-Binding Linked toHuman Serum Albumin by means of an Octyl (NDOHSA), Leprosy Diagnostic-1 DiseaseResearch Institute (LID-1) and Natural Disaccharide Octyl - Research Institute for InfectiousDiseases of Leprosy Diagnosis-1 (NDOLID) - in a longitudinal follow-up leprosy cases andhousehold contacts and their implications for epidemiological surveillance. The studiedpopulation consisted of leprosy diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 and household contacts.The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to analyse the reactivity ofantibodies against NDOHSA, LID-1 and NDOLID. Samples and controls are tested induplicate and antibody titer is expressed as an ELISA index. The data collection wasperformed by home visits in two moments (2014 and 2015) with application of questionnaire,collection of biological samples and evaluation of all household contacts. The cases undertreatment presented higher indexes ELISA and proportions of seropositivity for the threeantigens. There was also a greater reduction in ELISA index values as the time elapsed fromthe start of treatment increased...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Epidemiological Monitoring , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae , BCG Vaccine , Retrospective Studies , Serologic Tests , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 49(2): 158-64, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27192583

ABSTRACT

An integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize available publications regarding the potential use of serological tests in leprosy programs. We searched the databases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, Acervo da Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Hanseníase, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Ovid, Cinahl, and Web of Science for articles investigating the use of serological tests for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), ML0405, ML2331, leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (LID-1), and natural disaccharide octyl-leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID). From an initial pool of 3.514 articles, 40 full-length articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Based on these papers, we concluded that these antibodies can be used to assist in diagnosing leprosy, detecting neuritis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring household contacts or at-risk populations in leprosy-endemic areas. Thus, available data suggest that serological tests could contribute substantially to leprosy management.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Glycolipids/blood , Leprosy/diagnosis , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Serologic Tests/methods , Humans
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(2): 158-164, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782101

ABSTRACT

Abstract: An integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize available publications regarding the potential use of serological tests in leprosy programs. We searched the databases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, Acervo da Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Hanseníase, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Ovid, Cinahl, and Web of Science for articles investigating the use of serological tests for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), ML0405, ML2331, leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (LID-1), and natural disaccharide octyl-leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID). From an initial pool of 3.514 articles, 40 full-length articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Based on these papers, we concluded that these antibodies can be used to assist in diagnosing leprosy, detecting neuritis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring household contacts or at-risk populations in leprosy-endemic areas. Thus, available data suggest that serological tests could contribute substantially to leprosy management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Serologic Tests/methods , Glycolipids/blood , Leprosy/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/blood
11.
BMC Infect Dis ; 15: 219, 2015 May 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26024906

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of leprosy is based on clinical symptoms of the disease, which may not be sufficient to ensure early diagnosis. The development of effective tools for the early detection of infection, such as rapid tests that can be applied by non-specialists for early-stage leprosy identification, has been considered a research priority and may contribute to overcoming the complications associated with late diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with anti-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) seropositivity among the household contacts of leprosy cases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of individuals from the northeastern municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, was performed. Anti-PGL-I seropositivity was evaluated by assessing specific antibody production using the ML Flow test. A Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to evaluate the relationship between anti-PGL-I seropositivity and the independent variables investigated. RESULTS: The overall anti-PGL-I seropositivity was 13.5 %, and among the contacts of leprosy cases that were classified as paucibacillary or multibacillary, it was 8.4 and 17.3 %, respectively. The factors associated with the variation of anti-PGL-I seropositivity among the study population were the presence of signs suggestive of leprosy (PR = 3.68; 95 % CI: 1.56-8.71), the operational leprosy classification (PR = 2.17; 95 % CI: 1.22-3.86) and grade 1 (PR = 1.83; 95 % CI: 1.02-3.26) or grade 2 disability (PR = 2.42; 95 % CI: 1.02-5.47) of the index leprosy case. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of signs suggestive of leprosy and the operational classification of leprosy cases were associated with anti-PGL-I seropositivity. The serological tests available for leprosy are not considered to be diagnostic tests but can be used as auxiliary assessments in combination with clinical parameters to identify exposed individuals at high risk of developing leprosy and those exhibiting the initial stages of this disease.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Glycolipids/immunology , Leprosy/diagnosis , Adolescent , Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Glycolipids/metabolism , Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/pathology , Leprosy, Multibacillary/diagnosis , Leprosy, Multibacillary/epidemiology , Leprosy, Multibacillary/pathology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/diagnosis , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/epidemiology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/pathology , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Mycobacterium leprae/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index
12.
BMC Infect Dis ; 15: 218, 2015 May 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26021317

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Serological tests can be important tools to assist in the diagnosis of leprosy and can contribute to an earlier diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody responses against phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1), natural disaccharide linked to human serum albumin via an octyl (NDO-HSA), Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic-1 (LID-1) and natural disaccharide octyl--Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID) in leprosy patients, household contacts of patients and the general population. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyze the antigen-specific antibody responses of 94 leprosy cases, 104 household contacts of cases and 2.494 individuals from the general population. RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed for the antibody responses to all antigens studied. A higher proportion of seropositivity for all antigens, along with stronger magnitude of response, was observed in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients and household contacts of MB leprosy patients compared with the levels observed in paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients and household contacts of PB leprosy patients. A substantial and significant positive correlation was found between seropositivity and the bacterial index for the leprosy patients. Anti-PGL-1 tests were more frequently positive than anti-NDO-HSA tests among patients with all clinical forms of leprosy and among the group of household contacts. The LID-1 and NDO-LID antigens showed a greater capacity to identify household contacts and individuals from the general population infected with M. leprae. CONCLUSIONS: Tests that measure the antibody responses against LID-1, NDO-LID, NDO-HSA and PGL-1 were effective tools for the detection of patients with MB leprosy. Our data indicate that the anti-LID-1 and anti-NDO-LID responses were more effective than an anti-NDO-HSA response for the identification of individuals with subclinical infection.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Leprosy, Multibacillary/immunology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/immunology , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Asymptomatic Infections , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Family Characteristics , Female , Glycolipids/immunology , Humans , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/immunology , Leprosy, Multibacillary/diagnosis , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/diagnosis , Leukocyte Count , Male , Serologic Tests
13.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 9(1): 114-120, jan. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-998556

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam a integração das ações de controle da hanseníase na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, na perspectiva dos profissionais da saúde, em seis municípios da microrregião de Araçuaí do Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e pesquisa documental. Para tratamento e análise dos dados, foi utilizada a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Temática. O estudo teve o projeto de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, parecer 149/07. Resultados: os discursos evidenciaram que os seguintes aspectos influenciam a integração das ações de controle da hanseníase: a formação profissional, a realização de capacitações, o perfil do profissional, o processo de contratação dos profissionais e a alta rotatividade. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a importância de investimentos em atualizações das equipes uma vez que as dificuldades operacionais do programa de controle estão principalmente relacionadas à ausência de profissionais treinados e comprometidos com a hanseníase.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Leprosy , Primary Health Care , Qualitative Research
14.
Rev. enferm. UFSM ; 4(3): 556-565, jul.- set. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1034257

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar o estigma em hanseníase sob a perspectiva de profissionais da saúde e gestores e sua relação com as ações de controle em municípios da microrregião de Araçuaí. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em seis municípios. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 54 informantes, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2009. Para tratamento e análise dos dados optou-se pela análise temática do conteúdo. Resultados: o fraco envolvimento da atenção primária nas ações de controle, o distanciamento por parte dos profissionais de saúde e a falta de conhecimento da população quanto aos sinais e sintomas da doença contribuem para o diagnóstico tardio, o que favorece a manutenção das percepções negativas da população à hanseníase. Conclusão: o fortalecimento da Atenção Primária em Saúde e divulgação da doença são estratégias de enfrentamento dos desafios operacionais do controle da hanseníase.


Objective: to analyze the stigma associated with Hansen’s disease from the perspective of health professionals and managers and its relation to the control actions in municipalities of the micro-region of Araçuaí. Method: this is a qualitative study conducted in six municipalities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 54 participants, from February to August 2009. The thematic content analysis was used for the treatment and analysis of data. Results: the weak involvement of primary care in the control actions, the detachment of health professionals and the lack of knowledge of the population about the signs and symptoms of the disease contribute to late diagnosis. This favors the maintenance of the negative perceptions of the population towards Hansen’s disease. Conclusion: strengthening the primary health care and publicizing the disease are strategies to cope with the operational challenges of the control of Hansen’s disease.


Objetivo: analizar el estigma de la lepra desde la perspectiva de los profesionales y gestores de la salud y su relación con acciones de control en la micro-región de Araçuaí (Brasil). Método: estudio cualitativo en seis municipios. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 54 informantes, entre febrero y agosto de 2009. Tratamiento y análisis de los datos por análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la escasa participación de la atención primaria en acciones de control, el distanciamiento por parte de profesionales de la salud y la falta de conocimiento de la población sobre los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad contribuyen al diagnóstico tardío, lo que favorece la persistencia de las percepciones negativas de la población sobre la lepra. Conclusión: el fortalecimiento de la atención primaria de salud y divulgación sobre la enfermedad son estrategias para enfrentar los retos operativos de control de la lepra.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Social Stigma , Leprosy , Disease Prevention
15.
J Trop Med ; 2013: 812793, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23577038

ABSTRACT

The present study aims at analysing the degree of deformity in leprosy cases diagnosed in children under 15 years old and its relationship with operational and epidemiological factors. This epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out at municipalities of three microregions in a Brazilian hyperendemic area. Data between 1998 and 2010 was collected from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases database. The average coefficient of detection was 32.96/100.000 inhabitants; 7.61% of new cases were diagnosed in children under 15 years old; 5% in this age group were grade 2 deformity at diagnosis. Prevalence of leprosy cases in children under 15 years old with deformity was higher in males (PR = 2.65;P = 0.032; CI 95%: 1.09-6.45) and in multibacillary patients (PR = 14.68;P < 0.001; CI 95%: 3.54-60.87) and lower when the detection mode was passive (PR = 0.73,P = 0.47, CI 95%: 0.31-1.73). Such context suggests high transmissibility and early exposure to Mycobacterium leprae since a lot of cases were diagnosed in children under fifteen years old and the incubation period of the leprosy bacillus varies from 02 to 07 years. This situation contributes to maintaining the chain of disease transmission in the area and indicates that health care services should intensify leprosy control.

16.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 15(1): 62-67, jan.-mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing, LILACS | ID: lil-576810

ABSTRACT

A hanseníase representa um problema de saúde pública no Brasil pelos altos índices de prevalência e incidência. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a situação epidemiológica da hanseníase e sua relação com o desenvolvimento das ações de controle na microrregião de Araçuaí. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, cujos dados foram coletados das fichas de notificação de casos de hanseníase de municípios da microrregião, período 1998-2007, disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN. Foram construídos e analisados indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram notificados 343 casos, resultando em uma detecção geral média de 28,5 casos/100.000 habitantes/ano. A proporção de casos detectados com grau II de incapacidade e o predomínio de formas passivas de detecção sugerem diagnóstico tardio e corroboram a importância da integração das ações de controle da hanseníase na atenção básica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data , Leprosy/nursing , Nursing Care , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Public Health/statistics & numerical data
17.
Rev. enferm. Cent.-Oeste Min ; 1(2): 164-175, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1031003

ABSTRACT

O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a especificidade dos serviços de saúde e quais estratégias são empregadas por essesserviços para fazer frente ao processo de controleda hanseníase como problema de saúde pública. Pesquisa qualitativa,realizada em 15 municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Os sujeitos do estudo foram constituídos por 23gestores, 21 médicos, 27 enfermeiros e 26 agentes comunitários de saúde. Como técnica para a coleta dedados foiutilizada a entrevista semiestruturada e essa coleta ocorreu de novembro 2007 a agosto 2009. Para tratamento e análisedos dados foi utilizado a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que os municípios realizam as ações de controleda doença que são preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Algumas estratégias para controle da endemiana microrregiãoforam tecnologias desenvolvidas nos municípios, como as reuniões clínicas, capacitação de odontólogospara suspeiçãodiagnóstica, supervisão das ações realizadas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família por equipes compostas por profissionaismais experientes no manejo da hanseníase e a ampliação da definição dos contatos domiciliares. Concluímos que aspráticas de saúde em hanseníase na região são tecnologias desenvolvidas dentro do próprio processo detrabalho parafazer frente ao processo de controle da endemia.


The study aimed to know the specificity of health services and what strategies are employed by these services to face theleprosy control process as a public health problem.It’s a qualitative research, conducted in 15 municipalities in the Valedo Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. The study subjectsconsisted of 23 managers, 21 doctors, 27 nurses and26 communityhealth workers. The semi-structured interview was used as a technique for data collecting, which occurred fromNovember 2007 to August 2009. The Content Analysiswas used for treatment and analysis of data. The results indicatethat the municipalities develop the actions of disease control that are recommended by the Ministry ofHealth. Somestrategies for disease control in the micro regionhave been developed in those cities such as clinical meetings, training ofdentists for diagnostic suspicion, oversight of actions taken at the Family Health Strategy by teams composed byexperienced professionals in the management of leprosy and the expansion of the definition of household contacts. Weconclude that the health practices of leprosy in the region are technologies developed within the workprocess to face theprocess of disease control.


El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la especificidad de los servicios de salud y qué estrategias son empleadas por estosservicios para hacer frente al control del procesode la lepra como problema de salud pública. Es unainvestigacióncualitativa, llevada a cabo en 15 municipios del Vale do Jequitinhonha, en Minas Gerais. Los sujetos del estudioconsistieron de 23 directivos, 21 médicos, 27 enfermeras y 26 trabajadores de salud comunitarios. Como técnica derecolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista semi-estructurada y estos datos fueron recogidos entre noviembre de 2007agosto de 2009. Para el tratamiento y la análisis de los datos se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido. Los resultados indican quelos municipios desarrollan las acciones de controlde enfermedades que son recomendadas por el Ministerio de Salud.Algunas estrategias para el control de la enfermedad en la micro-región fueron tecnologías desarrolladas en ciudades,tales como reuniones clínicas, formación de dentistas para la sospecha de diagnóstico, supervisión delas medidasadoptadas por la Estrategia Equipos de Salud de laFamilia por equipo compuesto por profesionales conexperiencia en lagestión de la lepra y la ampliación de la definición de los contactos familiares. Se concluye que lasprácticas de salud dela lepra en la región son tecnologías desarrolladasen el propio proceso de trabajo para afrontar el proceso de control dela enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care , Primary Health Care , Leprosy/prevention & control , Basic Health Services , Health Services
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